Short Summary
On the one hand, the lecture will examine the development of citizenship in the occidental world from the history of the city (as a community of oaths), the almost sacred evaluation of the “citoyen” in the French Revolution and the sequence of steps in the development of citizenship (economic, political, social) described by Marshall. But what is the situation in the Arab-Islamic world? While citoyenneté was a kind of magic word in the so-called Arab Spring, this impetus has largely been lost. However, the lecture will show the potential that was inherent in the development of Islamic cultures, which, for example in Al Andalusia, allowed the rights of others to be taken into account in the legal figure of the “dhimmi”. But what opportunities are there for this today, when freedom of religion and conscience are not constitutionally guaranteed?